Personality Development Essay

Teacher’s Mental Health according to Personality Development of Students AbstractPurnima Sood Bhushan This investigation is planned for finding the impact of teacher’s psychological wellness on the character advancement of understudies. The investigation infers that the instructors with great emotional well-being actuate all the more predominantly the social butterfly quality of character while on account of instigate educators with sick psychological wellness; Psychotic and masochist characteristics of character d among the understudies. The educationists everywhere throughout the universes are wrestled with one focal and widely inclusive inquiry society of tomorrow †. †â€Å" What kind or sort of training is required for what sort of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, President of India from 2002 during a discussion on the teacher’s day in 2003, had expressed â€Å"2007, An understudy goes through 25,000 hours in the grounds. The school mus t have the best of instructors who can educate, love instructing and construct moral characteristics .† The improvement of character is one of the most significant and captivating zones in an individual’s life. There are sure inquiries that strike our psyche †‘What have been the significant impacts on character development?’ ‘What are the variables influencing the advancement of a child?’ In what bearing will the character create if the individual or individual gets particular sort of chances or difficulties; p articular sort of conduct; positive decisions that it makes? The main problem in instruction: to see that when the understudies leave the school they are entrenched.

Larry Page

â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Decoding Larry Page Leadership style This paper examinations the various practices that characterize Google’s fellow benefactor and CEO administration and the executives characteristics and style. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Decoding Larry Page Leadership style This paper examinations the various practices that characterize Google’s fellow benefactor and CEO administration and the board attributes and style. Aymee Flores 339707 March eighth, 2011 Aymee Flores 339707 March eighth, 2011Contents Biography2 Decoding Larry Page Leadership Style4 How Larry Page’s Leadership Styles identify with my mine9 Conclusion10 Works Cited11 Biography Lawrence â€Å"Larry: page was conceived walk 26, 1993 in East Lancing, Michigan. He was naturally introduced to a group of PC specialists. His dad was a pioneer in computerized reasoning and softwa re engineering and is mother a PC programing educator. He experienced childhood in a house where innovation was the standard, PCs parts and Popular Mechanics magazines where everywhere.His more established sibling instructed him from at an opportune time how to incapacitate relics so as to discover how they functioned, this filled his insight and inspiration extraordinarily to start creating, he once assembled a working inkjet printer out of LEGOS, at age twelve Page definitely realized he would have an organization in the end. Page was first gone to the University of Michigan for a bachelor’s qualification in Engineering and afterward chose to seek after a master’s certificate in software engineering at the Stanford University, here is the place he met Sergey Brin and began the undertaking that would change his life forever.The thought started while looking through an exposition topic about investigating the numerical properties of the World Wide Web. As per John Batt elle, originator of â€Å"Wired† magazine page expected that web joins where just references so his undertaking named â€Å"Backrub† was tied in with ordering and tallying all the backlinks of the World Wide Web and as per Page it would make it an increasingly significant spot. Toward the start of â€Å"Backrub† the World Wide Web could be looked for as a mammoth book without a file, so the objective of the venture was to assemble information and record it utilizing what is known as a web crawler, a bot modified to play out this particular task.Then Page and Brin made their first item called â€Å"Pagerank† which was a calculation that doled out numerical weighting to the hyperlinks previously ordered by the web crawler and measure its significance, from here he made a web index that was unmistakably more powerful than the ones that previously existed. This new Google web index made its first presentation at the Stanford University website page in 1996. A long with is accomplice Brin in 1998 he established Google Inc. at the time he recruited Eric Schmidt as a CEO.The company’s mission was â€Å"To compose the World’s Information and to make it generally helpful and open. † In 2006 the organization was at that point made open and had its primary quarter in Mountain see, California. Google Inc. became rapidly and started to include more items and administrations, for example, email, publicizing administrations, area administrations, efficiency programming and photograph altering programming and considerably more other discovery and creative administrations and items similarly as the Android versatile working framework and Google Chrome Browser. Today Google. om is recorded as the web most visited site in the U. S as indicated by Alexa Traffic Rank. Furthermore, a considerable lot of its well known brands are in the best hundred most visited destinations, for example, YouTube and Blogger. As indicated by an article by the web based life online magazine Mashable, Google detailed profit of 50 billion dollars in January 2013 is as yet growing. Disentangling Larry Page Leadership Style Because of his choice of employing Eric Schmidt as CEO in 2001 Larry Page was regularly recorded as a contemplative person pioneer and when he reclaimed the title of CEO in 2011 he didn’t hold any large gatherings, interviews.What matters the most to Page is advancing this can be valued by the way that he burns through $1 billion on licenses to enable the organization to develop, this was tried to imitate Steve Job’s authority yet truly this is undoubtedly molded by his building foundation. As indicated by an article by CNN Money he despite everything stays a mystery and his authority style can be acknowledged during initiation addresses and converses with associates and Google executives.During these discussions he centers about the future, as expressed before Page is about developments and he immova bly accepts that by handling brassy thoughts that can in the long run change the world would pull in fantastically brilliant individuals that can accomplish something beneficial as he communicated at the Google Faculty Summit in 2009. Page’s steady initiative style can be demonstrated by his capability at building systems and skill building and driving groups. He demanded being firmly associated with the recruiting procedure at Google continually searching for college graduates to join the company.It is broadly realized that he loathes the customary organization and the board styles and is continually cutting or reassigning center administration positions. This can be seen by the company’s revamping propensities. While considering the company’s site it very well may be seen that all the portrayal and relevant data is compacted to close to one section, this is on the grounds that Page supports quicker and brief dynamic. As indicated by divider Street Journal he w ould ask administrators to email him updates of their undertakings in 60 words or less.Also he urged them to have a meeting toward the evening where top officials needed to take a shot at an open zone of the structure so as to make them increasingly available to representatives and encourage correspondence among one another. This shows solid steady and participative initiative styles. Since the organization isn't sorted out with the regular administration styles and is increasingly centered around ventures a group domain is the standard here which energizes inclusion of supporters in each part of dynamic processes.Although he includes the group with regards to dynamic inside a task he shows mandate authority characteristics with regards to arranging the organization. As indicated by Google board part Mr. Smash Shriram he has an extremely away from of how the organization ought to be sort out accordingly he by and by picked the individuals that could run huge regions of the organizat ion and set their destinations. Page would set exceptionally clear-present moment and long haul objectives for his directors. After further research it is evident that Larry Page’s most grounded administration styles are participative and supportive.According to a meeting by The Fortune magazine the prosperity and way of life of the company’s workers is top need to him as he says â€Å"My work as a pioneer is to ensure everyone in the organization has incredible chances, and that they feel they're having an important effect and are adding to the benefit of society. † Google is known for its imaginative work space that are a long way from resembling a normal office, he feels that the organization resembles a family and thusly he treats them like one.This has supported representative fulfillment, efficiency and even improved their wellbeing to the point that their medicinal services costs become less contrasted with different organizations. As expressed before Pag e is viewed as a loner, which may repudiate the conventional accept that a pioneer ought to be cordial and appealling so as to be effective however the way that he is a contemplative person supplies him with other arrangement of attributes and abilities that make him fruitful and at last clarify his strong and participative tendencies.Traits that describe loners are that they are truly adept at tuning in; in this manner they won't rule a social circumstance which will permit them to find out about different people’s inventive thoughts. This will likewise disclose Page’s inclination to need to draw in individuals qualified as keen. An individual that has a building and technologic outlook would prefer to get notification from a keen individual than a charming one. Likewise Page has a solid mandate approach with regards to defining the company’s fundamental objectives however he is happy to let his supporters pick their way to arrive at those goals.Nevertheless La rry Page has been a CEO for a generally short measure of time so there is still a ton to see from this pioneer. During his brief timeframe as a CEO he has unquestionably shown solid hierarchical aptitudes and has brought back attachment and center just as conclusiveness to an organization that was getting dispersed inside is numerous differing ventures. Larry Page’s Leadership Style Applied to Hospitality Industry Google’s imaginative methodology can bring incredible accomplishment for somebody working in the accommodation industry.The cordiality condition is about correspondence and cooperation, this is a people’s business in this way it is basic to have a steady methodology when driving supporters. There are numerous levels or work in this industry that run from talented work to the board and business work. Page’s strong methodology can be advantageous for inn directors since they are driving individuals that originate from a wide range of foundations, by giving a domain where the representatives feel ameliorated and upheld by their organization it will increment employee’s fulfillment and profitability at their workplace.For model an administrator can show this sort of conduct if a front work area worker gets baffled with a difficult circumstance including a troublesome visitor or is having a hardship in their own life a supervisor can empower correspondence with the representative and give an understanding demeanor just as manufacture a superior

Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes Essay

An examination of Langston Hughes’s sonnet Dream Deferred will uncover a huge discourse on the main thrust in America today. It is evident that all of us has dreams or objectives that we need to seek after and accomplish. Albeit we all have their own little dream, this sonnet repeats that in certain societies, it will be (and is) more enthusiastically to accomplish their objectives. In this specific sonnet, Langston Hughes communicated his fantasies and how they become during a hard time. The way that he is a dark man during the tallness of the African-American persecution, his aspirations and dreams was extremely difficult to achieveâ€thus, he got disappointed. He communicated on how and what he truly feels about a fantasy that he has had. Since he was surrendered under a lot of dissatisfaction, he couldn't achieve that fantasy. Each line in the sonnet represents a common second in the author’s life. Besides, he was likewise mad about the states of his gathering due to their skin shading. Hughes utilized numerous a lot of metaphor in accomplishing his focuses. Be that as it may, maybe the most remarkable line in his sonnet is the â€Å"Or does it detonate? †(Hughes) It is a persuasive finish of what could befall a fantasy in the event that they are disregarded or isn't sought after. Taking everything into account, this is an aggregate sonnet that verbalizes what could happen to dreams that left un-sought after even in the midst of battles and mistreatment. This sonnet mirrors the troubles of African-American as well as additionally, it is likewise appropriate to individuals (particularly certain ethic bunches that are separated) who encounters a similar circumstance. This sonnet will never be old. Works Cited: Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Dream Deferred. † March 2, 2008.

Violence In Children Essay - 825 Words

Violence In TV Promotes Violence In Children (Essay Sample) Content: Violent TV Shows Promote Violence Culture in America.NameInstitutionViolent Television Promotes the Culture of Violence in America.The United States is the most violent industrial country in the world. More Americans die from violence per capita in the United States than in any country in Western Europe, Japan, or Australia. Most of this violence is committed by males, particularly young males. These young men like Adam Lanza, a 20-year-old recluse from Connecticut who brought terror to Newtown's Sandy Hook Elementary School on Dec. 14, 2012, have been raised viewing violent content on broadcast television. This content reinforces the violent behavior that these young men have observed among their peers and older males in their communities. Violence on television cultivates the culture of violence in American society, and the Federal Communications Commission should reduce the amount of violence on television to counter this culture.The FCC should reduce the duration of violent shows on television and even change the timing of broadcasting them. This is because the present exposure of violence through television is at high degree. Studies of violence on American television found that American children are exposed to hundreds of violent scenes on television like The Walking Dead series on AMC during prime-time hours, which is the most common period when parents watch television with their children. Children become socialized through their television habits. They learn what is normal and what is abnormal based on what they see on television. When their parents let them watch certain television shows for instance Criminal Minds on CBS and ShowTime's Dexter, children believe their parents condone the behaviors on television. The constant viewing of violent scenes on television sends children the message that this amount of violence is normal behavior in American society.Studies have been conducted to review a link between viewing violent content on television and hostility. A study reported by the American Psychological Association measured higher rates of aggression in children after they watched violent scenes on television. The researchers theorized that these children might become more violent as adults because of these increases in their aggression levels.Studies of adults who viewed violent television shows like The following on Fox showed that these adults were even more likely to commit violence as compared to children. In a study published by the American Psychological Association, the individuals who were studied in the original study on childhood aggression and exposure to television violence were subjected to a follow-up study as adults. The study found that individuals exposed to violent television during early childhood were more likely to have been convicted of violent criminal acts as adults. The study accounted for the possibility that other variables might have caused these violent acts, such as socioeconomic status and parental upbringing.The FCC should reevaluate and reduce both the time and the amount of violent scenes broadcasted on television because there are tremendous social and financial costs resulting from violence in American society. Violence in American society is responsible for deaths that ravage families, leaving children without parents and parents without children. Violence in American society increases the costs of law enforcement, the criminal justice system, and the penal system. Police must spend more time trying to prevent violent crime by increasing their staff levels. Detectives must spend countless hours investigating homicides. The courts spend exorbitantly on murder prosecutions. The penal system spends even more keeping convicted murders behind bars for years, decades, and even for life.The FCC should regulate the content on television. This is intended to serve the public interest. The Federal Communications Commission is responsible for regulating the air waves which have been determined to be the property of the public. Broadcast television and radio are subject to the regulation of the Commission, and stations must receive licenses to broadcast. ...

First Law of Thermodynamics - Definition

The first law of thermodynamics is the physical law which states that the total energy of a system and its surroundings remain  constant. The law is also known as the law of conservation of energy, which states energy can transform from one form into another, but can neither be created nor destroyed within an isolated system. Perpetual motion machines of the first kind are impossible, according to the first law of thermodynamics. In other words, it is not possible to construct an engine that will cycle and produce work continuously from nothing. First Law of Thermodynamics Equation The equation for the first law can be confusing because there are two different sign conventions in use. In physics, particularly when discussing heat engines, the change in the energy of a system equals the heat flow in the system from the surroundings minus the work done by the system on the surroundings. The equation for the law may be written: ΔU Q - W Here, ΔU is the change in the internal energy of a closed system, Q is the heat supplied to the system, and W is the amount of work done by the system on the surroundings. This version of the law follows the sign convention of Clausius. However, the IUPAC uses the sign convention proposed by Max Planck. Here, net energy transfer to a system is positive and net energy transfer from a system are negative. The equation then becomes: ΔU Q W Sources Adkins, C. J. (1983). Equilibrium Thermodynamics (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25445-0.Bailyn, M. (1994). A Survey of Thermodynamics. American Institute of Physics Press. New York. ISBN 0-88318-797-3.Denbigh, K. (1981). The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium With Applications in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Cambridge UK. ISBN 0-521-23682-7.

Personalit Overview - 1126 Words

Personality Overview Nina M Cleary PSY/405 November 5, 2011 Nanda Mendieta, M.S Personality Overview Personality’s definition can be sorted out in many defining terms depending on who may be providing the definition and on whom. Inclusive of consistent emotions, thoughts and behavior patterns in a person is more than what is needed to help us truly understand the concept and define personality. Each one of us should have a clear perception of our personality that would include what our strengths are, our thoughts, beliefs, motivation, emotions and our weaknesses. Self-awareness means having a clear perception of our personality and allows each of us to understand other people, how they perceive us and our†¦show more content†¦According to Boeree, (2007), the unconscious mind would be made referenced to all the things that are not easily available to awareness and other things such as our drives or instincts. Additionally the unconscious mind includes the things that are put there that we block out voluntarily or involuntarily as in any case r esulting from a traumatic event or episode. Five basic dimensions of personality were proposed by many personality researchers called the â€Å"big five† theory. This theory has grown in popularity and have been for many years but only as broad categories of personality traits. Many books and journals openly discuss and support the five-factor model of personality. Any details surrounding this theory, whether fact or fiction raises controversy regarding the exact labels used of each dimension. These five dimensions represent broad areas of personality where some researches demonstrated that these groupings of characteristics tend to occur together in many people(Feist, Feist, 2009). This theory would also explain why some personality types behave the way they do. A personality type that has a bubbly personality will more than likely be talkative and friendly but may not always occur at the same time. Conclusion Like all psychologists and all scientists, personality psychologists yearn for a unified theory, one we can all agree on,

Growth and Maturation of Relevance Activities †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Growth and Maturation of Relevance Activities. Answer: Introduction: The importance of playing activities in facilitating the emotional as well as cognitive development of a child is absolutely unquestionable. While playing a game, a child is expected to experience a variety of emotions, and in order to ensure the successful emotional development of the child, it is important to design game activities that can help in identifying the exact emotions of a child. However, often a child playing alone may not be able to experience a host of emotions at a time, and hence it is important to design group activities that will help in identifying multiple emotions including trust, cooperation and jealousy that a child may experience while playing the game (Inhelder, 2013). A team-based activity that can be chosen to be the most effective one here is the Balloon Race activity. This is a team-based activity that will involve and require the cooperation of at least 6 kids. This is a race activity where a large hall area will be chosen, that can also be outside the house in the open field, where each child will be required to pass on the same balloon to the next person of his team in order to complete the race. Accordingly, two teams will be formed with 3 people in each team, and three different areas in the field will be marked on reaching which each team-member will have to pass on the balloon to the next team-member for two times until the last child finally completes the race, taking the balloon to the finish line. The first experience that can be identified in this game is joy, as each child will be more than happy in playing with the balloons (Parizkova, 2016). This is exactly the reason why colourful balloons will be chosen, as it will also incite l aughter and cries of joy that will help in identifying the emotions of joy, happiness and excitement in each child. Next, cooperation and support for the team-members is also an important emotion, and when each child passes on the balloon to the next team-mate, they will be encouraged to do it faster, to help them win the game as a team. So, willingness to help and the ability to identify each other as part of the same family, or group will help in creating a sense of team spirit, support and cooperation for each other. Next, a more cooperative game activity could be chosen such as house building that would require the mutual collaboration as well as joint support of all the team-mates. However, it is equally important to identify other emotions, such as jealousy and competitiveness. Hence, this game activity will also help in identifying the same (Malina, 2014). This is because the six children will be divided into a group of two , and hence when one team does better, or seems to d o better, the other children may get envious and will try to compete harder. From their facial expressions or willingness to play harder, the emotions of competitiveness, jealousy and fear of losing the game will be clearly visible on their face. There is no gain stating the fact that the development of social competence in a child is of utmost importance. It should be remembered that is the social skill and competence of a child that allows him to develop the confidence required for successfully interacting with people around him, initiate conversation and feel secure in a social set up. In such a situation, in order to help a child develop social competence and master the social skills, it is important to create activity. In order to develop social competence of the child, the Name Game is the best activity that can be arranged for the child. In this particular activity, a team will be formed with a group of a minimum of 6 children. The group has been deliberately kept smaller, as it will help in providing equal opportunity to participate in the game to each child, or else the social skills such as security and confidence of some children may be affected negatively (Aboud Yousafzai, 2015). In this game, each child will take the name of any playmate on a random basis and will throw the balloon in his hand, and that balloon will be passed to the next person, as per the wish of that child. Special attention will be taken that no child keeps on getting too many chances in the first go, so that every child in the group enjoys the equal opportunity of participation in the game. Calling the same name in the first round for more than 2 times may lead to disqualification. Thus, each child will be encouraged t o know each others names as well as explore relations with each one in the group (Roskos, 2017). By establishing eye contact as well as passing on and taking up the ball, each child will learn to play freely. In order to ensure free interaction amongst the children of all ethnic groups and sexes, care will be taken to ensure that each group comprises of at least more than two ethnic groups, and equal number of children belonging to both the sexes. The entire activity is simple and can be played out both as an indoor game as well as an outdoor game, whereby a child will be required to name the student and roll the ball to the next participant (Mayesky, 2014). In this way, each child will get an opportunity of rolling the ball as well as receiving the ball from the other person. This will encourage each child to participate in a social group, develop their self-esteem as each one is receiving the ball for an equal number of times, and develop interactive skills through ball passing an d eye-contact activities. Reference List: Aboud, F. E., Yousafzai, A. K. (2015). Global health and development in early childhood.Annual review of psychology,66, 433-457. Genishi, C., Dyson, A. H. (2015).Children, language, and literacy: Diverse learners in diverse times. Teachers College Press. Inhelder, B. (2013).The early growth of logic in the child: Classification and seriation(Vol. 83). Routledge. Malina, R. M. (2014). Top 10 research questions related to growth and maturation of relevance to physical activity, performance, and fitness.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,85(2), 157-173. Mayesky, M. (2014).Creative activities and curriculum for young children. Cengage Learning. Parizkova, J. (2016).Nutrition, physical activity, and health in early life. CRC Press. Roskos, K. A. (Ed.). (2017).Play and literacy in early childhood: Research from multiple perspectives. Routledge. Tremblay, M. S., Gray, C. E., Akinroye, K., Harrington, D. M., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, E. V., ... Prista, A. (2014). Physical activity of children: a global matrix of grades comparing 15 countries.Journal of physical activity and health,11(s1), S113-S125.

Prohibition Essays (344 words) - Education, Student Council

Prohibition Student Council Student Council is considered to be many different things. Basically it is a group of students, all working together, to make it possible for certain events to happen. It is a mix of students from all of the grades, belonging to different activities, and all contributing their own unique ideas to make student council possible. The majority of the students who are involved in student council are organized, responsible, and show good leadership skills. Theyre creative and are able to contribute their ideas. They can work well with others and compromise when it is not possible for what they want to be done to happen, but they also know how to make it fun. Student council does plenty for the school and community. For the school, student council organizes dances, raises money, and plans positive activities for the students to participate in both during and after school. The students benefit from having their own peers part of student council so that their opinions can be taken serious and into consideration. Student council raises money to help the community and the school. They clean up the town and in a small way attempt to make it a better place for the teens. Most importantly this is volunteer work done only for a small appreciation in return as well as some skills which will be beneficial in the future. I would make a good student council member. Im responsible, organized, and I think that I have what it takes to be a good leader. I can work well with others, as well as contribute my thoughts and ideas to a group. I will help to get what needs to be done finished on time and to the best I can do. I know what is required to be on student council and that it should be taken seriously. It is easy to see what attributes good student council members possess and I feel that I have these. Student council will be an enjoyable experience in which I shall benefit from greatly. History Essays

The Meta

The Meta Introduction There are a number of research methodologies that can be used for carrying out an investigation. The type of methodology chosen for use depends on the nature of the topic or question to be covered in the research. These methodologies may either be quantitative or qualitative in nature. Meta-analysis is a method which involves the statistical arrangement of all existing and related studies on a given subject matter of interest.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on The Meta-Analysis Method specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is usually with an aim of determining the collective findings of the particular investigations. The approach seeks to provide a comprehensive solution to major issues/concerns. The essay summarizes Chapter 3 of the book titled, School Leadership that Works from Research to Results. Research Methodology The chapter covers the primary research methodology that was used by the authors. Meta-analysis was the type used in this particular study. It is a technique that uses quantitative approaches during the synthesis of a study in a given domain. Well structured questionnaires were used where teachers were expected to give their perceptions of the principals leadership behaviors. The authors sought to investigate a very sensitive domain of leadership. They were interested in studying school leadership as practiced by principles. The study involved an analysis of very crucial data which had been collected and analyzed by other researchers. The authors considered any and available study findings from 1970 to those which have been done lately. The authors Marzano, Waters, and McNulty did a meta-analysis of about 69 leadership studies. All the studies were concerned with the relationship that exists between a given school’s principal leader and that of the achievement of the student. These studies included those done since 1978 to 2001. Selected Samples It is impo rtant to note that a number of studies met these outlined criteria. However, not all of them could be included in the analysis process. This is because, according to the authors, the studies dealt with leadership â€Å"styles†. These styles are general categories of leadership character and behavior that are based on some predetermined theory. The chapter provides an example of a study conducted by Evans and Teddlie (1995) who examined the relationship that exists between the initiator, manager, and responder styles of leadership and overall student achievement in schools.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another study conducted by High and Achilles (1986) sought to find out the relationship between the following styles and school achievement: referent, expert, enabler, coercer, legal authority, norm setter, and involver. These studies have been acknowledged as pr oviding very useful perspectives as far as leadership and school achievement is concerned. However, the authors did not use them during their meta-analysis due to their broad representation of behavior categories. In fact, they themselves were actually found to be summaries of more specific behaviors. Since the main purpose of the study was to identify specific types of leadership behaviors, the authors focused on researches that considered specific behaviors that had not been crumpled into very broad categories. It is evident from the chapter that there has been a small yet significantly growing collection of literature investigating the usefulness of the principal’s influence as far as gifted and talented programs are concerned. The authors of the book have included the findings as well as conclusions of all these studies/literature. Impact of the Study The authors analyzed each of the study and a correlation between general leadership and student achievement was computed o r drawn directly from the study. A total of 69 correlations were obtained which represented the relationship between general leadership behavior and student academic achievement. Findings in Light of Other Studies the authors observed that their average correlation of.25 between principals leadership and student achievement is much higher compared to that reported in a meta-analysis conducted by Witziers, Bosker, and Kruger (2003). Theirs was a correlation of.02 which indicated that there was no relationship between leadership and student achievement. Several factors contributing to the disparity in the findings are identified. A Deeper Look the authors stress the role of the results obtained from meta-analysis studies. That the results should never be an average; it should be a graph, as pointed out by the founder of modern meta-analysis. This is to facilitate a wider range of correlations from various studies of meta-analysis.Advertising We will write a custom coursework s ample on The Meta-Analysis Method specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion It is evident from the chapter that meta-analysis presents a great opportunity to collect a mass of related material that address a specific topic or issue under investigation. The authors of this book, through meta-analysis, were able to establish the relationship between the principal leadership in a school and the achievement of students. The meta Introduction The falling standards of education in American public schools have increased demands for accountability and performances in schools. Consequently, school administrators evaluate ways of improving academic performances, such as tutoring programmes. There are a number of tutoring programmes like peer, volunteer, one-on-one and cross-age tutoring.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The meta-analyses of volunteer tutoring programmes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There have been growing evidences with regard to volunteer tutoring. Consequently, this paper presents a systematic review of The Effectiveness of Volunteer Tutoring Programs for Elementary and Middle School Students: A Meta-Analysis by Ritter and other authors. The review of meta-analysis seeks to establish the effectiveness of volunteer teaching programmes that aim to enhance the academic skills of student in public schools of the United States. The review also aims at establishing who can benefit from tutoring, and factors that influence the effectiveness of tutoring. These constitute the main of objectives of the studies by Ritter and other authors. The authors used 21 studies consisting of 28 distinct cohorts in their studies in providing guidance for assessments of the effectiveness of volunteer tutoring programmes. Through these assessments, the authors concluded that volunteer tutoring had a positive effect on students’ performance. They discovered that students who had tutors got higher marks in specific sub-skills such as oral fluency, letters and words, and writing. However, students who had no tutors scored relatively low marks compared to their counterparts with tutors. The authors used several search strategies to gather evidences to support their studies. These sources included academic sources, primary sources, middle search sources, collections of professional studies, research in the field of psychology and behavioural science, literature in sociology, education information database such as ERIC, and proquest database. At the same time, these authors used selection criteria based on randomised field trials. The authors used these methods to enable them make comparisons with the control groups that did not participate in the studies from the year 1985 to 2005.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Meanwhile, the authors were careful to include only studies that had academic effects, and ignored other vital factors such as emotion and behaviour. The study included programmes for students in grades of K-8 with the adult non-professional volunteers.1 Summary The authors based the results of the review on information from the 28 cohorts in the study using 21 articles and reports. The results of the analyses, mainly consisting of small samples, indicate that volu nteer tutoring and coaching have positive effects on reading and language in students. Examinations of the overall consequences of volunteer tutoring programmes on reading outcomes of student showed improvements. The authors used 25 studies to assess the reading outcomes and effects of volunteer tutoring programmes where they found an effect size of 0.23. However, when they eliminated an outlier study that disproportionately influenced the results, the effect rose to an average of 0.30. The study meta-analyses also looked at specific academic areas. The volunteer tutoring also made significant improvement on reading where the effect size was 0.26. Letters and words had an overall effect of 0.41 while oral fluency had a significant effect size of 0.30, and writing effect was 0.45. The study also found positive effects on reading comprehension and mathematics. However, the effects of these two were not significant. The meta-analyses also revealed that there were no significant differe nces with regard to grade level, programme of focus, or tutor type. Detailed volunteer tutoring programmes had vital and greater effects on reading outcomes than lowly structured programmes. However, these did not affect other academic domains. The authors also established that there were no statistical significance and differences in published reports and non-published studies. They also found out that the published texts had no biases. Critique There are some grey areas in this work. Therefore, the authors must update their works and conduct further researches, and possibly contact experts in volunteer tutoring. At the same time, they should also extend their studies to other geographical areas in order to establish consistency in their conclusions and recommendations.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The meta-analyses of volunteer tutoring programmes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These authors also u sed studies based on quasi-experimental designs. Quasi-experimental designs may lead to biases in publications. This is because such studies may test effects on an intervention without using appropriate assignment to create groups of the study. Ritter and others used small samples in their studies. There were total of 28 cohorts in meta-analysis. However, 19 out of the 28 cohorts had less than 25 students in the group. Only 3 study cohorts had a full sample of over 100 students for both treatment and control groups. This creates small chances of detecting significant programmes’ effects on students achievements. However, meta-analysis enhances this shortfall by using cumulative mean and standard deviations in enhancing statistical strength. The authors also did not show homogeneity in volunteer trainees and learner characteristics as these may affect the emotions or behaviour of the treatment groups. The meta-analyses of the study established that volunteer tutoring programme s have positive effects on students’ performances especially in literacy. These authors also showed the significant of using meta-analysis in conducting studies. Meta-analysis enabled the authors to perform multiple analyses and establish the statistical significance in 5 areas out of 7 areas studied. These results were not possible in standalone studies. Data collection and analyses reveal details of methodology and procedures such as design, outcomes of analysis, duration of study, and sample background variables such as age, gender, and race, among others. The authors coded all these aspects of studies for analysis of various volunteer tutoring programmes, and for study characteristics. According to Littell et al, â€Å"we should train coders and assess the reliability in coding. At the same time, we must pay special attention to the problem of study quality and assessment. In other words, we must be keen on how we identify variations in quality among the studies included in a systematic review and meta-analysis†.2 For instance, these authors must review all the outcomes that the studies aim to measure. They also selected a suitable effect size for meta-analysis. In order to avoid biases, they used Hedges’ unbiased measurement of g in the standard mean difference on effect size statistic. These represented differences between the control groups and the study groups mean on the outcome variable that they divided by cumulative standard deviations for every outcome of measurement.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In meta-analysis, we must ask questions relating to variations in effects. Ritter and others do not discuss deeply how publication bias, study design, sample characteristics, intervention characteristics, and assessment of outcomes influenced their studies. The authors did not establish whether the effects had been consistent over time or not. Publication bias arguably is the most potent source of bias in meta-analysis. However, the authors tried to counteract these biases, particularly where the mean and standard deviations were missing in estimating the effect sizes. They adopted the procedure of Wilson and Lipsey and computed a cumulative mean for effect size. The study achieved it systematic objective of gathering, integrating, and summarising the empirical work on the effects of volunteer tutoring on students. The authors put up a strong research base compared to other previous studies on educational interventions. This is due to the fact that the reviews covered 21 articles an d 28 cohorts dated back to the year 1985 and 2005 in randomised field trials. Ritter and other authors use a systematic approach to present their study meta-analysis and results. They gathered several articles that effectively used experimental designs to assess the effects of volunteer tutoring on students. The systematic analysis shows that all reading outcomes had positive and statistically significant effect size of 0.30 as standard deviations. Carole Torgerson notes that systematic review and methodology has the potential to manage potentially unmanageable amounts of information, and rationalise existing evidence efficiently by determining whether research findings are consistent and generalisable, and to explain why if they are not.3 The researchers can group similar studies together statistically in meta-analyses since they know that they can use meta-analyses to increase the power, and precision in the measurement of effect sizes. The application of scientific methods in sys tematic reviews also enabled them to reduce random and systematic errors of bias.4 The authors applied this method in grouping the specific outcomes in six specific domains of study. Meta-analysis enabled them to create broad domains through the use of standardised assessments in mathematics and reading. Conversely, they also created specific four domains focusing on sub-skills of language and reading. Through these groups, the authors established that volunteer tutoring programmes have potential influences on academic performances of students and can be used to improve performances. The authors also establish consistency with references to the effect sizes of 0.26 to 0.45 standard deviations. Further, the authors established whether particular interventions were also effective or not. They demonstrated that every intervention is unique with individual studies using small units. The use of small units was effective in controlling replicas of other works. This enabled the authors to establish the characteristics of most effective interventions. They were able to establish this through computing differential mean effects sizes using different elements of study variables, such as detailed interventions, type of tutors, and age of tutors. The authors concluded that the outcomes of their studies should act as vital statistics for educators to use volunteer tutoring in order to improve students’ achievements. They also advised that school administrators should consider the use of structured and reading-based volunteer programmes as suitable strategies in enhancing reading and language skills. The researchers have effectively demonstrated the power and effectiveness of meta-analysis. Through grouping of various studies, as opposed to standalone studies, they were able to establish statistical significance of relatively large data in their domains. The research also expands the knowledge we have on the use of systematic reviews and meta-analysis about using dat a in enhancing the use of interventions in promoting the learning outcomes. These researchers provide useful information that educators can use to implement effective volunteer tutoring programmes to improve students’ achievements. Conclusion This is a positive review of the works of Ritter and others. The authors use systematic review and meta-analysis to demonstrate that volunteer tutoring can positively transform achievements of learners, particularly in language and reading skills. They emphasise that their results should serve as an essential piece of information for educators who want to use volunteer tutoring to improve performances in learners. They further advise that educators should consider structured and reading-based volunteering systems to improve their yearly students’ performances. We must acknowledge the fact that systematic review and meta-analysis can go some way towards addressing the problem of underdeveloped trials. However, they will not give a true estimate of effectiveness if the trials within the study analyses have methodological flaws. At the same time, meta-analyses may give unduly optimistic results if there is substantial publication bias. In other words, if studies have null or negative effect remain unpublished, they may not form part of any review. Ritter and other authors address the issue of trials flaws through systematic review by using inclusion and exclusion criteria. They avoided publication bias by ensuring that all data were consistent and avoided unpublished studies that they could not identify. The authors treated their trials with a high degree of caution by defining all their trials, sources of data among other elements of both treatment and control groups. They did these to avoid chances of overestimating the effectiveness of the volunteer tutor programmes. However, these authors must update their studies regularly and include large samples in their studies in order to yield positive and moderate r esults. Therefore, researchers seeking statistical significance must use large sample sizes. The probability of an educationally significant difference being statistically significant is partly a function of sample size. Reference List Cooper HM, Synthesizing Research: A Guide for Literature Reviews Applied Social Research Methods Series, vol. 2, Sage Publications, Inc., London, 1998. Littell JH, J Corcoran V Pillai, Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, 2008. Ritter GW, JH Barnett, GS Denny and GR. Albin, ‘The Effectiveness of Volunteer Tutoring Programs for Elementary and Middle School Students: A Meta- Analysis’, Review of Educational Research, vol. 79, no. 1, 2009, pp. 3-38. Torgerson C, Systematic Reviews, Continuum International Publishing Group, London, 2003. Footnotes 1 GW Ritter, JH. Barnett, GS. Denny GR. Albin, ‘The Effectiveness of Volunteer Tutoring Programs for Elementary and Middle School Students: A Meta-A nalysis’, Review of Educational Research, vol. 79, no. 1, 2009, pp. 3-38. 2 JH Littell, J Corcoran V Pillai, Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, 2008. 3 C Torgerson, Systematic Reviews, Continuum International Publishing Group, London, 2003, p. 63 4 HM Cooper, Synthesizing Research : A Guide for Literature Reviews Applied Social Research Methods Series, vol. 2, Sage Publications, Inc., London, 1998 p. 104

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

No topic - Essay Example The article emphasizes the fact that once Google launches its â€Å"Google Editions†, the online service to sell e-books, it would be in direct competition with another behemoth in the area of digital books, Amazon. The main issue analyzed here is the competition from Amazon and their pricing strategy along with the distribution channels both companies will adopt to market their services since the real winner will be the product that reaches the customer in the most convenient way possible. It is a well known fact that Amazon is the leader in the space for selling books and accessories online. It was one of the first companies to set up a website for selling books and accessories online. The success of the model pioneered by Amazon spurred many companies (Barnes and Noble, Borders etc) to enter the area of selling books online. The article clearly highlights the potential for rivalry between Google (once it launches Google Editions) and Amazon as both the companies are essentially targeting the same market i.e. the consumers of e-books. Further, the article discusses the possibility of a â€Å"price war† where each of the competitors would be going in for a â€Å"race to the bottom† in search of the consumers for their products. The Implications of this strategy would be discussed in due course. This section analyzes the case from the 4P’s of the marketing mix, namely: Price, Product, Place and Promotion. These are the cornerstones of any marketing strategy and the successful execution of these in a combination or individually would determine the success of the venture as is being undertaken by Google. The marketing mix is the â€Å"set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the company blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.† (Kotler, 2009 63) To take the first component of the Marketing mix, the biggest advantage that Google has is its competitive pricing. Since the

Law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law - Term Paper Example The disastrous effects of these truths could carry forward into our future life which needs to be averted. (150 Words) Outline: Our present energy resources may not last long due to high rate of usage and unbridled consumption, especially by the industrial sectors. Therefore it has become necessary to seek new and alternative means for addressing this issue and providing means of its alleviation and mitigation, if not a long term solution that could effectively deal with this current issue. Developing several ways and means by which the dependence and funds spend on fossil fuels and contemporary energy sources could be reduced and innovative ideas leading to outsourcing of alternative energy sourcing could be developed and gainfully employed. Innovating and development may take time and resources. It is a long drawn process which requires sustained efforts and investments. It is also necessary to develop newer techniques through which existing energy resources could be optimized and effective control measures taken to limit its ineffective and inefficient use, through innovation. Introduction: The subject of seeking alternative and substitute means of generating energy resources needs to be seen in the context of depleting resources, due to mismanagement and slack control mechanism which does not address the core issues. Although much has been said about the need to tackle energy crisis on a war footing and seek renewable and alternative areas like harnessing wind, solar or nuclear energy for the advancement of human society, there are many areas in which improvements could be made for achieving such objectives. In the first place, there is legislation in place that is designed to control the use of energy. This is done by creating hybrid or alternative fuel usage in vehicles. It is planned that by year 2018, nearly 50% of

Analysis and Consequences of Legal Action(S) Essay Example for Free

Analysis and Consequences of Legal Action(S) Essay Analisis for successful lawsuit report Purpose Per your request, our legal team, courtesy of Legal Eagles, LLP, wishes to advise you regarding your tentative legal action against Mechanics National Bank (â€Å"National Bank†). As you alleged, National Bank was negligent in their failure to remove a lien on your Lagoon Beach property. Our legal team has assessed this and other concerns of your case. Outlined throughout this correspondence are conclusions we have made and recommendations we wish you consider. Before we proceed, we thank you for your trust and assure you nothing less than our highest-quality work. You have expressed to us your interest in recovering compensation for a failed entrepreneurial endeavor involving a hotel property, Hotel California. You also informed us that your acquisition of this property was dependent upon your securing financing through pledging a property you currently own as collateral. In a brief analysis of the facts of your case, we find you may successfully prove liability on the part of National Bank; however, this conclusion is not without concerns, particularly regarding your contract with the owner of Hotel California. This concern and other considerations for your case are also discussed in this correspondence. Factual Background Our notes of the essential facts of your case indicate the following: You sought the acquisition of an existing hotel property located in Palm Desert, Green. You contacted the hotel’s listing agent, Mr. Babak Gordon, and obtained preliminary data on the property, including financial statements of the hotel which you have provided us. On January 5, 2005, the hotel owner, Ms. Shirley Ramirez, Mr. Gordon, and you had a preliminary discussion regarding the purchase and sale of Hotel California. Ms. Ramirez offered to you by phone this property for $4.3 million, excluding the furniture, and the sale was to conclude following a 45 day escrow. On January 6, 2005, you faxed Ms. Ramirez a signed letter both indicating your acceptance of her offer and your preference that the transaction close following a 60 day escrow. Although you never received a reply or confirmation from Ms. Ramirez, on January 30, 2005, you obtained a financing commitment from Bank of the West. Their conditions we re that the bank would obtain a first priority lien on the hotel property along with an unrelated undeveloped parcel of land owned by you in Lagoon Beach, Green. As you have shared with us, you acquired this land in 1984 and had managed to pay off its mortgage on November 1, 2004. However, National Bank failed to remove its lien on the property. You vigorously attempted to get National Bank to remove its lien on this property. You contacted bank officers and explained to them that the lien needed to be removed so that you could pledge the property as collateral and finance your purchase of Hotel California. Because National Bank did not remove this lien, you were unable to finance the acquisition of Hotel California. You later bought a hotel property â€Å"similarly situated† and â€Å"virtually identical† to Hotel California for $4.7 million dollars. Issue From our analysis, we find as reasonable your decision to consider pursuing legal action against National Bank for damages. You have cited National Bank as negligent for failing to follow instructions regarding the removal of a lien from the title of your Lagoon Beach property. If you proceed further to trial, a court of law will try, whether by failing to remove its lien on your Lagoon Beach property, National Bank committed the tort of negligence. Because our analysis has also raised concerns regarding your contract with the owner of Hotel California, Ms. Shirley Ramirez, we must also inform you of a second issue a court of law is likely to try. If you proceed further to trial, a court of law will try whether a legally binding, enforceable contract exists (or existed) between Ms. Ramirez and you. Keep in mind that your legal action for damages may be predicated on whether there was a contract. Roadmap In addition to listing our conclusions, recommendations, and concerns throughout this correspondence, you will find that we have analyzed the likelihood for success of your legal action against National Bank. You have expressed your desire to recover damages for your lost opportunity involving the Hotel California property. For your convenience, a complete and careful analysis has been conducted and detailed throughout this correspondence. GROUNDS OF LIABILITY You have alleged that National Bank was negligent, and you intend to recover damages from National Bank. You will have the burden of proving the prima facie case for the tort of negligence. You must cite evidence and present arguments that support your allegation of National Bank’s negligence. To successfully fulfill your burden you must show that: * Duty: The defendant (National Bank) owed you (plaintiff) a duty of due care. * Breach of Duty: Defendant’s conduct breached that duty. * Actual and Proximate Cause: Actual and proximate causation between defendant’s breach and your (plaintiff’s) injury was present. * Injury: Injured party (you) sustained injury due to defendant’s actions. If you fail to prove these elements, National Bank’s legal team may motion to dismiss your case. In this event, it is possible that your case could then be dismissed without further proceedings. However, if you successfully prove and argue all four of these elements, you must also overcome any affirmative defenses, if applicable, raised by the defendant (National Bank). These defenses are contributory negligence and assumption of risk. From our initial analysis, National Bank will be unable to raise an affirmative defense on these grounds. We will fully assess whether there are on any other legal grounds defenses that National Bank can raise. (See Other Considerations.) Remedies for Negligence If you successfully prove National Bank’s liability, you may be entitled to recover compensatory or actual damages. The damages and compensatory award amounts are determined on a case-by-case basis by the jury or judge presiding over the case. We have included a potential award amount you may be entitled to and you will find a complete discussion on how this determination is made. (See ANALYSIS OF LIABILITY – Injury.) Statutes Governing Contract Law Because the secondary issue (See Issue) and one of our concerns regarding your case is regarding your contract with Ms. Ramirez, we have disclosed applicable information from both the Green Civil Code and our legal library pertaining to 1) offer and acceptance, 2) Green’s statute of frauds, and 3) Green’s â€Å"mirror image rule.† For your convenience, we have bolded and defined legal terminology that will be reiterated in later sections of this correspondence. Offer and Acceptance An offer is the important first step in the contract formation process. A party (offeror) who makes the offer gives another party (offeree) to whom the offer is made the power to bind both parties to a contract simply by accepting the offer. Not every proposal qualifies as an offer. To distinguish an offer, courts evaluate offers on three grounds: First, they look for some objective indication of a present intent to contract on the part of the offeror. Second, they look for specificity, or definiteness, in the terms of the alleged offer. Third, they look to see whether the alleged offer has been communicated to the offeree. An acceptance is â€Å"a manifestation of assent to the terms [of the offer] made by the offeree.† In determining if an offeree accepted an offer and created a contract, a court will look for evidence of three factors: (1) the offeree intended to enter the contract, (2) the offeree accepted on the terms proposed by the offeror, and (3) the offeree communicated his acceptance to the offeror. Statute of Frauds According to the Green Civil Code,  § 1624, any contract transferring an interest in land is invalid if not accompanied by â€Å"note or memorandum.† An unenforceable contract is one that meets the basic legal requirements for a contract, but may not be enforceable because of some other legal rule. A contract for which the statute of frauds requires a form of writing, yet no writing is made, may be declared an unenforceable contract. Mirror Image Rule The traditional contract law rule is that an acceptance must be the mirror image of the offer. Attempts by offerees to change the terms of the offer or to add new terms to it are treated as counteroffers because they indicate an intent by the offeree to reject the offer instead of being bound by its terms. Now that you have an understanding of the relevant law behind the tort of negligence and contracts, and are familiar with the legal terminology of these areas, we proceed into our analysis of the facts of your case and the prima facie case for the tort of negligence. ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL BANK’S LIABILITY Should you pursue further legal action against National Bank, you will have the burden of proving the elements of the prima facie case of the tort of negligence. Below are descriptions of these elements, accompanied by our legal analysis between the facts of the case, prima facie case, and case law from our legal library. Tort of Negligence In Commercial Escrow Company v. Rockport Rebel, Inc., negligence is defined as â€Å"conduct which falls below the standard established by law for the protection of others†. Because of the similarities in the facts between the case of Escrow Company and your case, this case has been used extensively in the forming of the following arguments. We recommend using this case in satisfying your burden for your legal action. Accordingly, you must argue that National Bank’s behavior in failing to remove the lien on your Lagoon Beach property fell below the standard for public protection established by law. Further, to successfully prove negligence, you must argue that National Bank is responsible for some injury you incurred stemming from their alleged mismanagement and failure to remove the lien on your property. With your notes, the facts of your case, and documents you provided us, we have constructed tentative arguments to determine the success of your legal action. You will find these arguments beginning on the next page. Duty According to the case, Commercial Escrow Company v. Rockport Rebel, Inc., â€Å"a defendant owes a duty of care to all foreseeable plaintiffs.† For example, in cases where a â€Å"[defendant] voluntarily assumes the duty to act by promising to the plaintiff to behave in a certain way,† the defendant owes that plaintiff a duty to act with care. According to Judge Utter, a â€Å"defendant also [owes] the plaintiff a duty of care where a contractual relationship between the parties requires the defendant to act in a certain way towards the plaintiff.† Considering these rules of law, National Bank owed you a duty to act as you requested. In your previous correspondence, you indicated that National Bank is â€Å"the lender on your Lagoon Beach property.† You also submitted to us a copy of your deed of trust. To reiterate â€Å"the language in the deed of trust† as part of your contractual relationship with National Bank, National Bank was supposed â€Å"to promptly record a reconveyance of its lien on [your] property upon payment in full of the underlying loan.† Because National Bank failed to do this, we find it foreseeable that you would be prevented from using the property as collateral for your hotel acquisition. Additionally, you also mentioned that you â€Å"vigorously attempted to get†¦ National Bank to remove its lien on [your] property, but to no avail† and despite â€Å"repeated assurances from various officers.† Because National Bank officers assured and essentially promised you that they would remove the lien on your property, National Bank voluntarily assumed a duty to you, if no duty had been present beforehand. In essence, the assurances made to you to process your request indicate that National Bank voluntarily assumed, and therefore owed you, a duty of due care to act as you requested. In light of these arguments, we assure you that you should successfully satisfy this first element – duty – of the prima facie case of the tort of negligence. Breach of Duty According to Commercial Escrow Company v. Rockport Rebel, Inc., in order for a plaintiff to prove negligence, the â€Å"plaintiff is required to show †¦that [the defendant] had breached [defendant’s] duty of care to the plaintiff.† In most cases, a defendant owes a plaintiff a duty to act as would a reasonable person under similar circumstances. In the case of Escrow Company, the Court found that â€Å"in performing services for a client, [the] escrow company has the duty to strictly follow instructions.† Like an escrow company, a financial institution like National Bank most likely has a duty to strictly follow instructions drafted in a deed of trust, or part of a loan or other financial instrument. Because officers on behalf of National Bank did not follow instructions and terms of behavior involving you (as lendee) and National Bank (as lender) detailed in your property’s deed of trust, you may successfully argue that National Bank breached its duty to you. According to our copy of your deed of trust you provided us, National Bank was required to â€Å"promptly record a reconveyance of its lien on the property upon payment in full of the underlying loan.† You had managed to pay off the mortgage on this property on November 1, 2004. Despite this, National Bank failed to remove its lien, even after you requested. Because officers at National Bank did not strictly follow this instruction, National Bank breached the duty of due care owed to you. Causation Satisfying the prima facie case for the tort of negligence also requires that a plaintiff prove that there is a connection (or actual causation) between the alleged breach of duty by defendant and injury suffered by plaintiff. As in the case of Commercial Escrow Company v. Rockport Rebel, Inc., courts assess the existence of a connection between breach and injury by determining whether injury would have occurred if not for breach. A court would employ a similar test in your case. Because National Bank failed to remove the lien on your property, you did not satisfy terms of the loan commitment with Bank of the West and could not secure financing for your acquisition of Hotel California. We find that there is a casual connection. Courts also evaluate the proximate cause (causation) between a defendant’s breach of duty and a subsequent injury suffered by a plaintiff. Proximate causation refers to whether the defendant’s breach of duty and subsequent injury suffered by the plaintiff was foreseeable. Because you vigorously attempted to have officers at National Bank remove its lien on your property and informed them that you needed the lien removed in order to pledge the property as collateral, we find that your injury of loss of opportunity to acquire the hotel property was foreseeable. Injury The final element you must prove to satisfy the prima facie case for the tort of negligence is whether you have suffered injury because of National Bank’s alleged negligence. Due to National Bank’s failure in removing the lien on your Lagoon Beach property, the transfer of ownership agreement of Hotel California between you and Ms. Ramirez allegedly collapsed. Later, you purchased a â€Å"similarly situated† and â€Å"virtually identical† hotel property for $4.7 million, $400,000 more than what you would have paid for Hotel California ($4.3 million). In essence, National Bank’s alleged negligence caused you to incur an opportunity cost of $400,000. This loss of opportunity is under the assumption that a valid, enforceable contract existed between you and Ms. Ramirez. SUMMARY Because National Bank breached its duty by failing to remove its lien on your property, you were unable to secure financing for a $4.3 million acquisition of Hotel California. However, you later purchased a â€Å"virtually identical† property for $4.7 million. You may be entitled to the difference. DEFENSES AGAINST LIABILTY In this portion of this report, we detailed any applicable defenses relevant to your case, and outlined other considerations and concerns we advise you to consider. Although we have found that affirmative defenses to National Bank’s negligence are inapplicable to the particular facts of your case, we have other concerns to discuss. Other Considerations It is the opinion of Legal Eagles, LLP, that National Bank may argue that regardless of whether it removed the lien on your Lagoon Beach property, indefinite would be the transfer of ownership of the hotel property from Ms. Ramirez to you. As our analysis showed, you may successfully prove that National Bank had a duty to remove the lien on your property and subsequently breached that duty by failing to adhere to this instruction. If the failure to remove the lien on your property can be proven to have caused you damage(s), we will advise you to pursue further legal against National Bank. But first we must evaluate the documents you provided us and later the validity of the binding contract between you and Ms. Ramirez. Analysis of Income We have completely revalued the hotel property, Hotel California you were interested in. We used the same method(s) and approaches that most banks in our region would use to appraise the value of hotel properties. The expected value approach places weights on appraisals from two methods. First, we multiplied the past two years’ average gross margin by four. This holds a weight of 40%, because it is expected to be accurate 40% of the time. The value we derived from this method came to $2,462,380.00. Next, we took the present value of the average of the past three years’ cash flows, discounted at an 8% discount rate for 10 years. This method holds a 60% weight. The value derived from this method comes to $2,505,589.13. Our final step is to assign the correct weight to each method and sum the two figures. We can therefore conclude that the Hotel California’s appraisal value is $2,488,305.48. In addition to this, it is acceptable for a company to sell what is known a s â€Å"goodwill.† That is why the listed price of 2.5 million dollars was overstated by $11,694.52. We know that the bank would only allow you to borrow up to the appraised value, $2,488,305.48, unless you either pay 25% of the purchase in cash, or pledge to the bank a first priority lien on the vacant land as collateral. We also know that the latter option was not possible, so we will consider the former. We conclude that 25% of the purchase price of $4.3 million is $1,075,000. Because you were able to only provide $500,000 in cash for a down payment, you did not meet the requirements to borrow more than $2,488,305.48 from the bank, without pledging the vacant land. Hypothetically, if you had decided to borrow $2,488,305.48 from the bank, plus your $500,000 down payment, you would have had $2,988,305.48. This amount still would not have been enough to purchase the Hotel California property offered at $4.3 million dollars. Consequently, we conclude that without pledging the vacant land as collateral, there was no way you could have borrowed enough money to make the purchase. Even though the appraised value was not enough for you to borrow a sufficient amount of money from Bank of the West, we believe the appraised amount you were given was not accurate. There are two reasons why we believe Desert Mirage Accounting should not have relied on the income statement and footnote provided by Ms. Ramirez’s accountant. The first problem lies in the way the accountant prepared the income statement. Mr. Babak Gordon calculated gross profit by taking revenue minus cost of revenue. This method is only used for retailers and manufacturing companies, whereas Hotel California is a service company. The second problem is the verifiability of the financial statements and reliability of the accountant. To be credible, financial statements must follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). A financial statement that follows GAAP must be accompanied by a signed opinion letter. The letter can be in the form of: 1) Compilation letter 2) Review letter 3) Audit opinion Finally, this letter must be signed by a certified public accountant (CPA). Because the income statement of Hotel California does not come with any signed opinion letter, we cannot verify its accuracy. Therefore, Desert Mirage Accounting should not have relied on that income statement and footnote information to make the evaluation. In our initial observation of your case, we assumed National Bank’s failure to remove its lien from your Lagoon Beach property caused you to forfeit your opportunity to purchase the Hotel California property. As illustrated by our calculations above, you could not have financed the acquisition of Hotel California without pledging your Lagoon Beach property as collateral. However, after conducting a thorough analysis of your case, we regret to inform you that you may not be able to prove damages stemming from National Bank’s failure to remove its lien from your property. Even though National Bank may have breached its duty to you, National Ba nk could argue that your contract with Ms. Ramirez is invalid or unenforceable. In the event that you do not have a valid or enforceable contract, you are not legally entitled to the Hotel California property or other legal remedies. In essence, regardless of whether National Bank’s negligence can be proved, a transaction between Ms. Ramirez and you might not have occurred if a binding contract did not exist. We will clarify and explain this finding in the next section. Offer and Acceptance Analysis From our analysis, coupled with case law from our case library, we have found that there was no contractual arrangement between you and Ms. Ramirez. In arriving at this finding, we took into account the facts surrounding your case. There are key elements that prevent the institution of a contract, for the purchase of real estate, between you and Ms. Ramirez. In reaching this finding, we referred to the case of Cayetano J. Apablasa v. Merritt Company from our case library. In this case, the Court evaluated a plaintiff’s action for damages resulting from an alleged breach of contract. This plaintiff’s action for damages depended on whether there was an existing contract. The Court found that â€Å"no reasonable construction of evidence† admitted a binding contract between the parties; and that the correspondence that was provided to the Court amounted to â€Å"nothing more than an offer that was never accepted.† In essence, at the conclusion of the plaintiff’s case, the Court’s judge â€Å"entered a judgment decreeing that no contract was entered into, existing, or was ever executed.† Similar to your case, in Cayetano v. Merritt, the initial reply to the offeror’s offer by the offeree did not constitute an acceptance, contrary to what the offeree had thought. The offeree had included a â€Å"proviso† in his perceived acceptance letter to the offeror. In light of this, the Court found that terms proposed in an offer â€Å"must be met exactly, precisely and unequivocally for its acceptance to result in the formation of a binding contract.† This decision supplements our discussing regarding Green’s â€Å"mirror image rule† below. (See Regarding Mirror Image Rule.) Additionally, the Court stated that â€Å"[t]he addition of any condition†¦ is tantamount to a rejection of the original offer and the making of a counteroffer.† In essence, the Court’s decision can be summarized by the following: â€Å"[w]here a person offers to do a definite thing and another introduces a new term into the acceptance, his answer is a mere expression of willingness to negotiate or is a counter proposal, and in neither case is there a contract; if it is a new proposal and it is not accepted it amounts to nothing.† Regarding Green’s Statute of Frauds A key element that is missing in the proof of a contract is that your agreement with Ms. Ramirez was not in writing. The Green Civil Code requires that in order for a contract involving the sale of real property, to be valid, the agreement must be in writing and signed by the party to be charged or by the party’s agent. In your situation, Ms. Ramirez made her initial offer orally over the phone and you replied by a signed fax. There was never a written offer or contract signed by Ms. Ramirez. Therefore, a court of law would most likely find the contract between you and Ms. Ramirez as unenforceable. Even if the alleged contract did not have to be in writing and could be enforceable, there are other additional concerns we have: Regarding the Mirror Image Rule In a situation, such as the one you were in, a proper acceptance must meet the â€Å"mirror image rule.† This rule states that in order for an offeree to properly accept an offer, the offeree must accept the exact offer that was established by the offerer. When reviewing your case, we found that you had intent to accept Ms. Ramirez’s offer, but in your attempt to accept the offer, you added a different term to the agreement. In her offer, Ms. Ramirez required that â€Å"[t]he sale was to conclude following a 45-day escrow.† However, in your reply, you stated that you â€Å"would like to close escrow within 60 days.† A court of law would find that by changing the terms of Ms. Ramirez’s offer, you fail to meet the â€Å"mirror image rule,† and therefore terminated Ms. Ramirez’s initial offer and proposed a counteroffer. Documents you provided us detailing your correspondence with Ms. Ramirez indicate no communication on her part in accepting your counteroffer. Summary We must mention that had there been a contract between Ms. Ramirez and you, you may have been the subject of legal action by Ms. Ramirez. If we assume there was an actual contract between Ms. Ramirez and you with either the 45 day or 60 day escrow term, Ms. Ramirez could have pursued legal action and you could be liable for having breached your contract for your failure to deliver on your promise. You entered into the alleged contract with Ms. Ramirez on January 6, 2005. Regardless of whether there was an agreement for a 45 day escrow or a 60 day escrow term, you failed to secure financing in either time frame. Approximately 80 days after entering the alleged contract with Ms. Ramirez, on March 28, 2005, you contacted Ms. Ramirez to request an extension. The fact that you have no pending legal action brought by Ms. Ramirez may suggest that Ms. Ramirez did not view the arrangement with you as a binding contract. We reiterate that neither party had a binding, enforceable contract. CONCLUSION Ms. Warren, we regret to inform you that success with your legal action is unlikely. There is a high chance you will be unsuccessful, should you purse a legal action against National Bank on the grounds of the tort of negligence. National Bank failed to remove the lien on your Lagoon Beach property, violating the duty of due care owed to you, and disrupting your ability to secure financing for your entrepreneurial endeavor. However, the question of law of whether there was a valid, enforceable contract between you and Ms. Ramirez, is the decisive issue. As our analysis has indicated, a court of law will most likely try the issue of whether there was a binding contract. Thus without the binding contract between you and Ms. Ramirez involving her offer for the hotel (Hotel California), a judge or jury in a court of law cannot rely on how much you would have paid to make a compensatory damages determination. In other words, because your action for damages is predicated on a contract between you and Ms. Ramirez, your damages cannot be established and you incurred no loss of opportunity. Without the loss of this opportunity cost, you have not suffered any injury due in part to National Bank’s negligence. RECOMMENDATIONS Ms. Warren, as Associate Partner of Legal Eagles, LLP, I oversaw the analysis of my legal team and validated their conclusions and findings. In light of the findings of our analysis, I foremost recommend that you consider the following course of action: * Please, do not pursue further legal action against National Bank regarding this cause of action and issue. It is my opinion and the opinion of Legal Eagles, LLP, that pursuing further legal action regarding this issue, considering our evaluation of your case, will result only in additional expense on your part including legal and attorney fees and your time. You will also not receive the resolution that you would like making the process inherently dissatisfying and frustrating. With this in mind, there is another course of action I do recommend. Because you have already attempted to resolve your issue with National Bank regarding the lien on your Lagoon Beach, Green property, you are entitled to contact the regulatory agency of your former bank. All national banks within the state of Green are regulated by different agencies. If National Bank’s lien remains on your property, I recommend you pursue this alternate course of action: * Contact the appropriate state of Green regulatory agency of your financial institution (National Bank) and file a complaint. Your bank’s regulatory agency can help you with your concerns and complaints. There are many regulatory agencies in the state of Green’s banking industry. For your convenience, the appropriate regulatory agency of your former bank, and its details have been listed: According to the Federal Financial Institutions Examinations Council (for additional information visit www.ffiec.gov), National Bank’s regulator is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (for additional information please visit www.helpwithmybank.gov). You can visit and reach this regulatory agency online or by phone at (800) 613-6743. The Office of the Comptroller will assist you in getting answers and solutions to your questions and concerns. You can also file complaints against your bank, here. If you decide to proceed with filing a complaint, officials from the Office of the Comptroller will contact National Bank on your behalf regarding your issue for a response. You will then receive a let ter summarizing the results. Those who have sought our legal advice and even had similar experiences as you with National Bank as well have reported that intervention by a regulatory agency expedited the process and liens were eventually removed. We are confident that you have the tools to resolve this issue. LEGAL EAGLES, LLP [ 1 ]. The elements of the prima facie case of the tort of negligence are duty, breach of duty, actual and proximate cause, and injury. [ 2 ]. COMMERCIAL ESCROW COMPANY AND JAMES DE MIK, APPELLANTS, v. ROCKPORT REBEL, INC., APPELLEE. 778 S.W.2d 532; 1989 Tex. App. LEXIS 2263 [ 3 ]. CAYETANO J. APABLASA, Appellant, v. MERRITT COMPANY (a Corporation) et al., Respondents. 176 Cal. App. 2d 719; 1 Cal. Rptr. 500; 1959 Cal. App. LEXIS 1542

The Characters of Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

The Characters of A Streetcar Named Desire  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams was one of the greatest American dramatists of the 20th century. Most of his plays take us to the southern states and show a confused society. In his works he exposes the degeneration of human feelings and relationships. His heroes suffer from broken families and they do not find their place in the society. They tend to be lonely and afraid of much that surrounds them. Among the major themes of his plays are racism, sexism, homophobia and realistic settings filled with loneliness and pain.1 Tennessee Williams characters showed us extremes of human brutality and sexual behavior.2   One of his most popular dramas was written in 1947, and it is called A Streetcar Named Desire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The drama is basically about a married couple -Stella and Stanley Kowalski- who are visited by Stella's older sister, Blanche. The drama shows the caustic feelings of these people putting Blance DuBois in the center. The drama tells the story of the pathetic mental and emotional demise of a determined, yet fragile, repressed   and delicate Southern lady born to a once-wealthy family of Mississippi planters.3   No doubt that the character of Blanche is the most complex one in the drama. She is truly a tragic heroine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First she is introduced as a symbol of innocence and chastity.4   She is aristocratic and intelligent, and sensitive and fragile at the same time, also beautiful and this delicate beauty has a moth-like appearance. But these positive characteristics are overshadowed by the fact that Blanche arrives to Elysian Fields, which is a poor section of New Orleans, on two streetcars, Desire and Cemeteries. These misterious expressions, which can be considered to be the main symbols of the play, suggest that something is is not clear around Blanhe or that something wrong will happen towards the end. Elysian Fields symbolizes paradise beyond death from ancient lore,3   Desire expresses Blanche's desire to be loved and Cemeteries represents her fear of death.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Blanche represents a deep-seated attachment to the past.5   Her life is a lesson how tragic events events in the past can ruin a person's future. Her husband's death affects her the most. Blanche was only a young girl without any experience when she got married. She married Allan Grey, who was only sixteen. Their marriage started well, but later the young wife found out that Allan was homosexual.

Critically consider psychological explanations of love Essay

There are three psychological theories of love, The Three Factor Theory of Romantic Love, Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love and Romantic Love and Attachment. The three factor theory of romantic love suggested by Hatfield and Walster, recognises two types of love, passionate love and companionate love. Whilst passionate love can be seen as an intense physiological arousal which involves a longing for the other person, companionate love is more a feeling of affection towards those whom we feel deeply about. Hatfield and Walster propose a theory to explain passionate love based on three factors; physiological arousal, appropriate love object and cultural exposure. The authors see love as a label that is placed on someone that we are physiologically aroused by. Experiencing this arousal will cause a person to state it is because of love, since this is what our culture teaches us happens when we are in love. This theory receives support from research by Dutton and Aron. In this study, male participants were interviewed on a high or low suspension bridge, by an attractive female. The results supported the prediction that those males interviewed on a high bridge felt more sexual attraction to the woman, presumably because they experienced stronger physiological arousal. The males on the lower bridge felt less physical attraction, presumably because their physiological arousal was not as strong. It is possible that this theory could explain certain experiences such as love at first sight. However, since most people seem to fall in love gradually, this would suggest that for the majority of individuals, the label, love, comes first rather that the physiological arousal. The theory is also more applicable to western rather then eastern or collectivist cultures. Sternberg defines love as – intimacy (sharing mutual understanding and emotional support), passion (involves physical attraction and sexual desire) and decision/commitment (involves the short-term decision that you love someone and a longer-term commitment to maintain that love). These three components of love can be combined in different ways to produce seven varieties of love; liking, infatuation, empty love, romantic love, compassionate love, fatuous love and consummate love. These seven types of love form a triangle. Consummate love being in the center as it is the strongest form of love since it involves all three components. Sternberg believes that people have two different types of triangle. The first is based on an individuals own theory of love and is formed in a cultural context from watching television, observing parents, reading books, including listening to fairy tales when young. The second triangle is based on the individuals’ current relationship. According to Sternberg when two triangles are similar, relationships tend to be more successful. The theory has practical applications – it is possible to measure the components in the two parties and then analyse the differences in the types of love shown by each partner. It helps pinpoint areas where change and compromise may be necessary. However, the components are rather vague, especially commitment, and it is therefore difficult to judge the basis on which one person decides to love another. Hazan and Shaver proposed that romantic relationships are attachment relationships, and that individual differences in adult attachment style, mirror those found by psychologists who studied attachment styles such as Ainsworth. So rather than love being formed in a cultural context, Hazan and Shaver believe that love originates from a person’s early relationship with a primary caregiver. This theory developed out of two earlier pieces of research by Ainsworth and Bowlby. Ainsworth’s strange situation and the observation that children have three different styles of attachment – secure, insecure/anxious resistant and insecure/anxious avoidant. Bowlby’s belief that the mother’s behaviour towards the child creates an internal working model that leads the infant to expect the same in later relationships. According to Hazan and Shaver, later love relationships can be predicted from a child’s attachment style. So therefore a secure child who had a positive image of a caring mother will have relationships in later life that are friendly, trusting and more enduring. A child classified as insecure/anxious resistant will have conflicting memories of the mother, both positive and rejecting, causing relationships in later life to consist of emotional highs and lows, with moments of jealousy and concerns whether their partners really love them. Insecure/anxious avoidant children will remember their mother as cold and rejecting and have relationships in later life where they fear being close to someone and believe love is not necessary for happiness nor is it long lasting. Hazan and Shaver’s research receives support from a number of studies in that there does seem to be a relationship between early attachment experiences and later attitudes and behaviour to love for example Feeny and Noller 1990. However the research has all been correlational in this area, so it cannot be claimed that early attachment causes later relationships behaviour. The relationship between the two could be caused by another factor. Kagon believes this other factor to be the temperament of the child. Infants are born with certain temperaments which determine the quality of their early relationships and these innate or genetic factors affect relationships throughout life. The three psychological theories of love provide partial explanations for this most intense of human emotion. Whilst Hatfield and Walster believe love to be a state of strong physiological arousal, Sternberg and Hazan and Shaver believe that love originates from a persons early relationships with a primary caregiver.

Kaminski Surname Meaning and Origin

From the root kamien, meaning stone or rock, the popular Polish last name Kaminski means one who came from a rocky place, or was sometimes an occupational surname for a person who works with rock, such as a stone carver or someone who worked in a quarry. Alternatively, the Kaminski surname may be locational in origin, indicating that the person originally came from any one of dozens of Polish villages named Kamien (meaning rocky place), or from one of the various places named Kamin or  Kaminka in Ukraine, or  Kamionka in Poland.  Kaminsky is a common  anglicization of the KamiÅ„ski surname. Surname Origin: PolishAlternate Surname Spellings:  KAMINSKY, KAMINSKY, KAMIENSKI, KAMIENSKI, KAMIENSKY, KAMIENSKY, KAMENSKI, KAMENSKY Where People With the Surname Kaminski Live According to WorldNames publicprofiler, individuals with the Kaminski last name are most commonly found in Poland, with the greatest concentration in the northeastern regions, including  Podlaskie,  Kujawsko-Pomorskie, and WarmiÅ„sko-Mazurskie. The Polish-specific surname distribution map on  moikrewni.pl calculates the population distribution of surnames down to the district level, finding Kaminski to be most common in Bydgoszcz, followed by  Starogard Gdanski,  Chojnice,  Bytow,  New TomyÅ›l,  Tarnowskie Mountains,  Torun,  Srem,  Tuchola  and  InowrocÅ‚aw. Famous People Marek KamiÅ„ski:  Polish polar explorer, author, entrepreneurJanusz Kaminski:  Academy Award-winning cinematographer and directorAvrom-Yitskhok Kaminski: Yiddish actor and theater directorHeinrich Kaminski: German composerHeinz Kaminski: German space researcher and chemical engineerAdolfo Kaminsky: French WWI resistance fighter and document forgerBohdan Kaminskà ½: Czech poet and translator Genealogy Resources A Kaminsky Family Genealogy: Genealogy research into an extended Kaminsky family, with information on over 8,000 different individuals.Kaminski Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Kaminski surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Kaminski surname query.FamilySearch: Access over 370,000 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Kaminski surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Kaminksi Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Kaminski surname and variations such as  Kaminsky, Kamenski, and Kamensky.DistantCousin.com: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Kaminski. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia.  Bergenfield, NJ:  Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.Hoffman, William F. Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings.  Chicago:  Polish Genealogical Society, 1993.Rymut, Kazimierz. Nazwiska Polakow.  Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, 1991.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.